Social Security Income Tax

As baby boomers retire over the next three decades, some claim they will break the bank of the Social Security system. These fears of insolvency have generated a wide range of reform proposals, some of which would transform the current program drastically. Robert Eisner, however, argues that many of the proposed reforms would undermine Social Security's continuing success in dramatically alleviating poverty among the elderly. In this clearly written, provocative report, Eisner rejects the most alarmist views about the solvency of Social Security and provides a blueprint for keeping the system strong and fair. He makes the case that projections about the future of the program are overly pessimistic and that, even if borne out, minor adjustments in tax and benefit levels could keep the system functioning effectively. Eisner suggests that the system could be made more efficient and fair by paying benefits out of general income taxes instead of current payroll taxes. Because income taxes are relatively progressive, taxing earnings from sources other than wages, a greater share of Social Security's financing burden would thus be shifted to those who can better afford it. In addition, Eisner proposes supplementing the current system by offering workers the opportunity to make additional tax-deductible Social Security contributions, which would provide them with larger benefits upon retirement. Workers would have the option of directing their supplementary accounts toward an indexed, passively managed stock fund, or Treasury securities paying a somewhat higher rate than those held in the Social Security trust fund. The main purpose of the accounts would be to increase what are currently lowlevels of both national and household savings.

In the increasingly global economy, domestic tax policies have taken on a new importance for international economics. This unique volume compares the tax reform experiences of Canada and the United States, two countries with the world's largest bilateral flow of trade and investment. With the signing of the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement and the tax reforms of the 1980s, there has been some harmonization of tax systems. But geographic, cultural, and political characteristics shape distinct national social policies that may impede harmonization. As the U.S. and Canadian economies become even more integrated, differences in tax systems will have important effects, in particular on the relative rates of economic growth. Scholars from both countries examine the extent to which conformity between these national programs has taken place, focusing on tax reforms of the 1980s, and assess the effects over the long term. The authors carefully consider the policy environment in which social programs are established and implemented, including such aspects as property rights, incentive structures, the degree and kind of economic freedoms, and the systems of private and public decision making. By comparing these environments, the authors show that certain aspects of the tax systems of Canada and the United States are converging, while in other respects they are diverging. For instance, both countries exhibit similar corporate tax structures and income tax systems, but they have very different approaches to sales taxes and social security taxes. Another interesting conclusion from these investigations is that although tax policies differ, outcomes are often quite similar. For example, they generateroughly the same amounts of revenue, produce similar costs of capital, and produce comparable distributions of income.

Social Security (United States) - Social Security in the United States is a social insurance program funded through a dedicated payroll tax. It is also known as the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance program (OASDI), in reference to its three components.

Payroll tax - Payroll tax generally refers to a tax which employers are required to withhold from employees' paychecks. In the United States, employers are required to withhold federal income tax, Social Security tax, and Medicare tax.

Supplemental Security Income - Supplemental Security Income (or SSI) is a monthly stipend provided to some citizens by the United States federal government. Individuals who prove to the Social Security Administration that they cannot work and have no other income, such as permanently disabled individuals and long-term cancer patients, may qualify for SSI.

Form W-2 - Form W-2 is used in the United States income tax system to report wages paid to employees and the taxes withheld from them. The form is also used to report FICA taxes to the Social Security Administration.

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