Texas State Government

The demise of the Confederacy left a legacy of legal arrangements that raised fundamental and vexing questions regarding the legal rights and status of former slaves and the status of former Confederate states. As Harold Hyman shows, few individuals had greater impact on resolving these difficult questions than Salmon P. Chase, chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1865 to 1873. Hyman argues that in two cases -- In Re Turner (1867) and Texas v. White (1869) -- Chase combined his abolitionist philosophy with an activist jurisprudence to help dismantle once and for all the deposed machineries of slavery and the Confederacy. In Re Turner was a private law case decided at the federal circuit level. It involved a black woman's claim that she, a recent slave, was being held in involuntary, servitude. Elizabeth Turner's mother had apprenticed her to their former master, who had not abided by his contractual obligations to provide Elizabeth with training and compensation, substantively keeping her in slavery. Chase's decision, which relied upon due process and equal protection implications in the thirteenth amendment and the 1866 Civil Rights Act, confirmed the rights of emancipated slaves to bargain and contract with employers on a parity with white workers. Texas v. White was a public law case decided in the Supreme Court. It revolved around the issue of whether the holders of U.S. bonds seized and sold by the Confederate state of Texas could demand payment after the war from that state's newly reconstructed government. In effect, Chase and his associate justices were asked to determine the legality of actions committed by all former Confederate states and, thus, to define whatconstituted a state. Chase's opinion reaffirmed the permanence of the Union and its constituent states and the duty of the states to respect the legal rights and obligations of all citizens.

A wide-angle portrait of Texas in the 1880s is typically a difficult picture to capture. But a unique government document of more than three hundred pages does it as well as our imagination will allow by providing the statistics and data to make it possible. In 1887, a state bureaucrat -- Lafayette Lumpkin Foster -- used his position as head of the Department of Agriculture, Insurance, Statistics, and History to create a compendium of wide-ranging information for Texans and people interested in Texas. It was a treasure trove then and even more so now for the modern reader and researcher. Open the pages of his First Annual Report of the Agricultural Bureau and you have a unique window into understanding the people, towns, counties, railroads, and farming experiences that made up late-nineteenth-century Texas. The Texas State Historical Association presents this document, out-of-print for more than one hundred and ten years, as the latest in its Fred H. and Ella Mae Moore Texas History Reprint Series. Rare for a document of its era, this agricultural report notes, in a county-by-county format, questions of gender, labor, and ethnicity not available anywhere else. What did female teachers earn compared to male teachers? How many hired laborers worked in the fields and what was their average length of employment? How many divorces and marriages took place in 1887 in Zapata County? What churches were represented? This report will provide the recorded answer, plus give the insightful researcher the ability to compare statistically one county with another. How many Norwegians, Mexicans, Germans, or Jews lived in each county? How many families were "white"? How many "colored"? Race,ethnicity, and gender are just a few categories to be explored by the person interested in describing the expansive, developing countryside of Texas in the final quarter of the nineteenth century.

Texas Junior College Student Government Association - The Texas Junior College Student Government Association is the only student maintained organization in the state that works to promote the cause of community college students at the local, regional, state and national level. The organization is composed of over 72 member colleges across the state of Texas.

Texas Education Agency - The Texas Education Agency is a branch of the state government of Texas and oversees primary and secondary education in the state.

Lieutenant Governor of Texas - The Lieutenant Governor of Texas is the second-highest executive office in the government of Texas, a state in the United States of America. He assumes the powers of Governor when the Governor is out of the state or otherwise unable to fulfill his duties.

Texas Constitution - The Texas Constitution is the document that describes the structure and function of the government of Texas. Texas has had six constitutions: the 1836 Constitution of the Republic of Texas, and the state constitutions of 1845, 1861, 1866, 1869, and 1876.

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Texas State Government - Texas State Government A Texas Ranger Eighteen-year-old Napoleon Augustus Jennings came to Texas in 1874 texas state government and joined a special force of Texas Rangers charged with border patrol under the command of L. H. McNelly. At this time the South Texas region was home to hundreds of outlaws texas state government and riffraff, texas state government and some three thousand Mexican guerrillas under Juan Cortina texas state government and others were raiding settlers on both sides of ...

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State Government Agency - State Government Agency Economics of Elementary Education in Ind Among all the large emerging market economies, India has one of the lowest educational indicators for a majority of its population living in its most backward states. These states account for most of the country?s children out of school state government agency and most of its illiterate population. Not surprisingly, they are the states with the highest incidence of poverty in India. This volume examines key aspects of the elementary education ...

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